Indian Polity and Constitution - Important Points
Indian Polity and Constitution - MCQ
Indian Polity is an essential topic for government exams in India, as it covers the political system, constitution, governance, and administration of the country. Some important points of Indian Polity is described below:
The Constitution of India: The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, which lays down the fundamental principles, institutions, and procedures of governance. It was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950. The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world, with 448 articles and 12 schedules.
The Preamble: The Preamble to the Constitution of India outlines the basic principles and values on which the Constitution is based. It declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, and republic nation.
Fundamental Rights: The Constitution of India guarantees several fundamental rights to its citizens, including the right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and right to constitutional remedies.
Directive Principles of State Policy: The Directive Principles of State Policy are the guidelines for the government of India to establish a social and economic democracy in the country. They include provisions for promoting the welfare of the people, providing for social justice, and securing a fair distribution of the resources of the country.
The President: The President of India is the head of the state and is elected for a term of five years. The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
The Vice President: The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in the country. The Vice President is elected by an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament.
The Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of the government in India. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of India and is the leader of the political party or coalition with a majority in the Lok Sabha.
The Parliament: The Indian Parliament consists of two houses, namely the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People). The Rajya Sabha represents the States of India, while the Lok Sabha represents the people of India.
The Judiciary: The Indian Judiciary is an independent and impartial system of courts, which is responsible for the interpretation and enforcement of the laws in the country. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeal in India, and it consists of a Chief Justice and other judges appointed by the President of India.
Union and State Governments: The Indian polity is divided into Union and State Governments. The Union Government is responsible for the governance of the entire country, while the State Governments are responsible for the governance of their respective States.
Elections: Elections in India are conducted by the Election Commission of India, which is an autonomous constitutional authority. The elections are conducted on the basis of adult suffrage, and the results are decided by a first-past-the-post system.
Federalism: India has a federal system of government, where the powers of governance are divided between the Union Government and the State Governments. The Constitution of India provides for a distribution of powers between the Union and the States, through the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.